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that the next rearward location is always occupied tailgate support.
by a facility prepared to function before the
forward location closes down. Should the Fd Amb. The Fd Amb establishes one or more
OPLAN include the rearward passage of lines, BMS s to the rear to avoid interference with the
the HSS plan for both formations should specify reserve force. The CO initially send out staging
that the passing formation shall transport its own facilities formed from sections of the Med Coy
patients to the rear. until casualty densities are established. A reserve
of ambulances is retained until the direction and
Withdrawal Preparation. The Bde Surg ensures scale of the enemy attack is known.
that the preparation for the withdrawal includes
distribution of extra consumable health services Bde Surg. The Bde Surg assesses the importance
supplies and nonexpendable exchange items to of the reserve combat forces role in the defense
each health services unit or element. This special and includes that assessment in the HSS plan.
allotment is required to overcome abnormal Some of the resources from the Fd Amb are
isolation of treatment elements and the withheld initially, for immediate commitment in
intermittent operation of the evacuation system support of the reserves or to upgrade the BMS.
in the withdrawal. The Bde Surg allocates a Should the evacuation system be disrupted,
greater portion of ambulance resources forward surgical and patient holding teams are detached
and coordinates the contingency plans to augment forward from a FH to form an Advanced Surgical
evacuation with nonmedical transportation. All Centre (ASC) at the BMS.
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QAP 82
Chapter Seven Canadian Army HSS Organizations and Functions
HSS in Parachute Operations. experience, and self confidence in their ability
to work in adverse weather conditions.
Role 1. The parachute companies of the light Through practice and experience, many cold
infantry battalions have organic HSS. Evacuation weather injuries can be prevented. Provisions
vehicles are light and have the capability to be are made for heated shelters at frequent
air-dropped, along with pallets of health services intervals along the evacuation route. Special
supplies. Company medical assistants treat
over-snow vehicles for surface evacuation are
patients at the Drop Zone (DZ) and leave markers
required when air transport is not feasible.
to identify their locations. Casualties are moved
Heated panniers are used to protect health
to a CCP or UMS by stretcher-bearers in
services supplies.
nonmedical vehicles, as required. During the
initial assault phase, patients requiring evacuation
Fighting in Built-up Areas. These operations
from the airhead are gathered on the landing strips
are dominated by the influence of man-made
in the brigade area and are airlifted to MTFs in
features concentrated along natural terrain
the CZ or COMM Z.
corridors which offer the defender an in-depth
system of battle positions. This leads to
Role 2. Once an airhead has been established,
communication and transport difficulties,
the supporting Fd Amb employs a medical station
resulting in the separation and isolation of units.
near the landing zone located centrally in the force
Normal organic health services resources and area
sector. The Fd Amb may be reinforced by other
support are augmented with personnel,
close support or general support health service
equipment, and increased health services supply
resources to assist in holding, stabilizing, and
levels. Personnel are assigned to restore public
loading patients.
facilities to alleviate some of the HSS required
for civilian casualties.
HSS in Other Operations.
Units and Formations Detached to Other National
Assault River Crossing. To provide treatment
Forces.
and reduce cross-river evacuation, elements of
the Fd Amb cross as soon as operations allow.
Attached Units. When a unit or formation of one
Maximum use of aeromedical evacuation (AME)
nation is attached to another nation s forces, it
resources prevent excessive build up of patients
should be self-sufficient. Problems that may occur
in far-shore medical stations. Near-shore medical
with incompatible systems or communications
stations are placed as far forward as the assault
must be resolved prior to the operation. The
operations permit.
Senior Medical Officer of the detached unit must
liaise with the commander of the health services
Operations in a Special Environment.
unit to which the unit is attached. Any additional
transportation required by the detached unit is
¡ Mountain. HSS is characterized primarily by
provided by its parent formation.
the difficulties encountered in movement.
The inaccessibility of certain regions restricts
Evacuation. Doctrinal differences in patient
evacuation and treatment capabilities. AME
evacuation between the nations may cause a break
is the primary means for safe and rapid HSS.
in the evacuation system. This situation must be
¡ Cold weather and arctic. Combat troops and resolved prior to the commencement of the
HSS personnel should have training, operation.
7-4
QAP 82
Chapter Seven Canadian Army HSS Organizations and Functions
MEDICAL TREATMENT
EVACUATION AND MEDICAL REGULATING
Medical care/treatment is organized into roles of
Ground Evacuation. Evacuation of patients is
support. It is designed to provide continuous care,
normally accomplished by the next higher role of
protection, and hospitalization of all military
HSS. However, the unit is responsible for moving
personnel, both allied and EPW, and affected
patients from the point-of-wounding to a UMS,
civilians. Treatment begins at the point-of-injury
where Role 2 evacuation elements from the Fd
with buddy aid or self aid. All military personnel
Amb take over. The key to this evacuation system
are trained in combat first-aid. Treatment facilities
is the strict control of ambulance movement
may be bypassed at any time during the evacuation
through an ambulance shuttle system.
process depending on the patient s condition. Health
Ambulances must not be permitted to sit idly in
services organizations/treatment facilities within the
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